LINGUISTICS
FRANCISCO J. ALVAREZ-GIL, KARINE MARIE MURIEL PAYET, ÁNGELES SANCHEZ HERNANDEZ
Title: AN ANALYSIS OF MODALITY IN SOME TOURIST BROCHURES OF THE CANARY ISLANDS
Abstract: In the present study, we analyse the use of modal verbs in a corpus of texts within the field of tourism in French published by el Cabildo de Gran Canaria. Our principal aim is to make a search in order to find out the occurrences of modal verbs devoir and pouvoir in the texts analysed to identify the meaning and the linguistic functions these occurrences fulfil in these specific linguistic contexts. The results obtained indicate a clearly specific linguistic function of the verbs used, which is evidently justified by the nature and objectives of the texts, these being to inform and to convince.
Keywords: pouvoir, devoir, modal verbs, corpus linguistics, modality
Analyse de la modalité dans quelques textes touristiques aux Iles Canaries / 9
BENNACER MAHMOUD
Title: THE ANALYSIS OF THE DISCURSIVE AND LINGUISTIC PROCESSES IN ALGERIAN LEGAL TEXTS WRITTEN IN FRENCH. A CASE STUDY – THE FAMILY CODE
Abstract: This article intends to examine the discursive and linguistic procedures used in Algerian legal texts written in French, in this case the family code. The objective expected by this publication is to give an account of the discursive and linguistic strategies of the legislative genre adapted according to the socio-cultural and religious conditions specific to Algerian society. It will be a question of showing that this discursive genre obeys functional strategies which are precisely profiled in its discursive aspects and the lexical and syntactic constructions mobilized for legal purpose in order to regulate marital relations in Algeria. Finally, the main objective of this article is to go beyond its understanding to reach its popularization in schools, as educational content in specialty languages.
Keywords: family code, legal French, discursive gender, discursive and linguistic strategies.
BOURASSE MOHAMED
Title: THE LINGUISTIC VARIATION IN BALZAC: EXAMPLE OF ILLUSIONS PERDUES
Abstract: The present work can be considered to be a work in-between linguistics and literature. It is a sociolinguistic reflection on the literary language of Balzac to understand the literary and linguistic issues of this writer. Since all literature is first of all an act of language, the choice of this or that language of writing reveals the narrative and literary choices of the writer. Thus, while reading Illusions perdues of Balzac, the first thing that strikes the reader is the extreme diversity of the language of his characters, through the use of a very diverse range of linguistic variants such as sociolects, idiolects, regiolects …, phenomenon that some researchers like to call “literary heteroglossia”. All types of variation are scattered in the novel, affecting all linguistic levels. The characters that staged in the story constitute a true linguistic community which is characterized by its heterogeneity, constituting a linguistic patchwork. All this lead us to study this linguistic variation in this novel, in sociolinguistic terms as sociolinguistic markers, to understand how and why Balzac uses this habit. To do so, it will be satisfying in this reflection to study three types of variation that are of a big scale and that are very recurring compared to the others types in Illusions perdues, and we will examine briefly the motivations that drove the writer to resort to this variation and use it in his novel.
Keywords: Linguistic variation, Illusions perdues, literary heteroglossia, Balzac
La variation linguistique chez Balzac: l’exemple d’Illusions perdues / 33
ANA-MARIA IONESCU
Title: TRANSLATING IRONY FROM ENGLISH INTO ROMANIAN. A CASE STUDY – THE FORSYTE SAGA
Abstract: The present article starts from the already well-known relationship between translation studies and pragmatics and aims to offer an analysis of the way in which several instances of irony in John Galsworthy’s novels are translated into Romanian. The paper approaches the phenomenon of irony comprising pragmatic theories such as: irony as substitute of literal meaning, as echoic mention, as pretence or simulation of illocutionary force of speech acts.
Keywords: irony, translation studies, pragmatics, literary text, English, Romanian.
Translating Irony from English into Romanian. A Case Study – The Forsyte Saga / 48
EMILIE RIGUEL
Title: TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PHRASAL VERB ERRORS IN NON-ENGLISH-SPEAKING LEARNERS’ SPOKEN PRODUCTIONS: A CORPUS- BASED STUDY
Abstract: Although typical and inevitable in the English language, phrasal verbs, however, represent a real scourge to non-English-speaking learners. From a qualitative study examining the use of phrasal verbs in non-native students’ spoken productions extracted from an interlanguage corpus of English as a foreign language (Louvain International Database of Spoken English Interlanguage, Gilquin et al. 2010), we drew up a typology of errors made by non-English-speaking learners with regard to phrasal verbs.
Keywords: phrasal verbs, corpus linguistics, learner corpus, spoken productions, errors.
LANGUAGES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES
ANA-MARINA TOMESCU
Title: HOW TO DESIGN A SPECIALIZED LANGUAGES COURSE PLAN FOR MODERN APPLIED LANGUAGES STUDENTS?
Abstract: The present article aims to offer an analysis of the importance we give to designing a course plan in the field of specialized languages, for Modern Applied Languages students. It is in fact a document associated with such notions as transparency, interaction, communication and, in order to reach a correct and coherent acquisition of knowledge, it must be drawn up in collaboration with the other course coordinators. It is a document which is to be found under different names in higher education institutions in Europe, Canada or the United States. However, it is compulsory that it contains the following items: required background knowledge, the content of the course, the target level, evaluation methods, bibliography, etc. Given the current context in which the higher education is placed all over the world and the rapid changes in the labour market, the content of the course will often be submitted to changes and comebacks for each course unit.
Keywords: specialized languages, didactics, syllabus, competences, CEFRL, ECTS.
Comment élaborer un plan de cours de langues de spécialités pour les étudiants en LEA? / 75
CARMEN-ECATERINA CIOBACA, ESTERA GORGAN
Title: TRANSLATING FRENCH LAW CONTRACTS THROUGH FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENCE
Abstract: The topic of this paper is represented by the translation of French contracts through functional equivalence. In the first part of the study, we present the avatars of the concept of equivalence in Translation Studies, the notion of dynamic equivalence introduced by Eugene Nida and the functional equivalence principle, theorized by Katarina Reiss and Hans Vermeer. We also analyze the concept of equivalence in relation with legal translation and we emphasize the normative nature of the legal text and the importance of adequacy in translation. The second part of the paper is represented by the contrastive analysis of translation difficulties implied by French contracts. Such difficulties pertain to two classes: they may be terminological or discursive. We also propose translation solutions based on the functional equivalence principle.
Keywords: functional equivalence, adequacy, legal translation, translation of contracts.
Traduire les contrats du droit français par équivalence fonctionnelle / 81
DALAL MESGHOUNI
Title: POPULARIZE THE PREVENTION OF COVID 19 ON THE WHO WEB SITE: RHETORIC QUESTIONS
Abstract: The time of quarantine and social distancing generated by the time of the Covid 19 pandemic marks more than any other time a preventive action on a daily basis. Thus, we can see that the websites and social media are mobilizing for raising possible awareness on this subject. However, the readiness to popularize the medical discourse is problematized as long as the content is transposed from certified sites to personalized accounts. The obvious question: how do these sites safeguard the veracity of the medical discourse while combining simplification of the technolect with a rhetoric of potential dialogue with site users? To answer this question, we have chosen to work on the Q&A section and “received ideas” on the WHO website as a global certified text organization; while the theoretical models borrow from a literature review touching on the meta / socioterminological dimension.
Keywords: Medical popularization, certified sites, speech’ veracity, technolect, dialogue rhetoric.
Vulgariser la prévention du covid 19 sur le site OMS : questions de rhétorique? / 92
IMESSAOUDENE MOHAMED FAOUZI
Title: LANGUAGE REPRESENTATIONS AND FRENCH SPECIALIZING IN NATURE AND LIFE SCIENCES
Abstract: Algerian students follow a school course where everything is transmitted in classical Arabic unlike the university where knowledge is transmitted in the French language mainly in the scientific and technical fields. This is an established observation and a reason given for the phenomenon of the “low level” of young French-language academics. However, we believe that these linguistic dysfunctions observed at the university level are much deeper and find their origins at the representational level. Thus, we will follow with the questionnaire. As a first step, this investigative tool will target students and will focus on identifying their views on the French language and the language of their specialty. Secondly, we will talk to specialty teachers so that they can express their students’ views on the French specializing.
Keywords: Students, teachers, nature and life sciences, linguistics representations, language difficulties.
Représentations linguistiques et français spécialisé en sciences de la nature et de la vie / 102
HAMDAOUI MAROUWA
Title: THE HASHTAG, A TECHNOLANGUAGE FORM DEVELOPED IN A CONTROVERSIAL ALGERIAN CONTEXT
Abstract: As part of our study, we chose the hashtag, through a corpus made up of twenty popular hashtags that address the political events during the year 2019 which marked the Algerian social context, published by twitter subscribers. We adopt an analysis through an ecological approach that allows technolinguistic description and a retracement of the relationship between the hashtag and the context and semantic expansion. Our objective is to identify the impact of political events in Algeria on the language practices of Internet users. We assume that the opinions of users manifest themselves which implies a controversy reflecting the crisis in Algeria.
Keywords: ecological – Hashtag – language-opinion-speech
Le hashtag, forme technolangagière développée dans un contexte algérien controversé / 112
MEKKAOUI MOHAMED
Title: THE IMPACT OF USING A HELP TEXT ON REVISION OF AN EXPLANATORY TEXT IN SPECIALTY FRENCH
Abstract: This experimental study, carried out in cognitive didactics of written production, examines the impact of reading a help text on the revision of an explanatory text in specialized French. Two groups of students, registered in law degree, participated in our experiment. The control group (G1) revised their first draft without any help, while the experimental group (G2) revised their first draft (R1) after reading a help text. We then analyze the responses produced during the final questionnaire (Q2), and those produced during the initial questionnaire (Q1). We also analyze the relevance of the propositions added to the second round (R2) according to the experimental methods in order to verify our main research hypothesis.
Keywords: Written production – revision – help text – didactic – explanatory text.
MIRELA COSTELEANU
Title: TEACHING PREPOSITIONS TO ESP LEARNERS
Abstract: Preposition usage is one of the most difficult aspects of English grammar for non- native speakers to master. Preposition errors account for a high proportion of ESL grammar errors. When you think of prepositions, dry grammar drills come to your mind. Because they are somewhat vague, learning how to use prepositions correctly in sentences takes time and practice. As 1:1 translation is often impossible when dealing with prepositions, even the most advanced English learners may find them confusing at first.
Keywords: prepositions, difficulties, mistakes, strategies, context.
Teaching Prepositions to ESP Learners / 128
DIDACTICS
ALTHOBAITI HAMOUD
Title: IS ENGLISH AS AN INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE THE MOST APPROPRIATE VARIETY FOR A SAUDI SECONDARY SCHOOL CLASSROOM?
Abstract: The English language is one of the international languages that spread in all countries of the world, It’s for use in business and study, it is one of the means of global and diplomatic communication between the peoples of the world, The English language is distinguished by a set of many characteristics that distinguish it from other international languages, Many people strive to learn the English language greatly, and this has contributed to customize of international special curricula in the English language, and the massive spread of this language led to considered it the first international language in many public matters, Especially the importance of English for students in Saudi Arabia, the varieties about to learn English in Saudi Secondary School classroom, introduce this variety of English into the Saudi Arabian secondary school curriculum and in particular and certain possibilities for this change in curriculum.
Keywords: English, Language, Secondary School, Saudi Arabia, curriculum, students.
AMIRA KHADOUDJA AMRANI
Title: WRITTEN: BUILD VIGILANCE AND SCRIPTURAL COMPÉTENCE
Abstract: This study starts from the observation that learners of the basic cycle in Algeria do not really develop a spelling skill in learning the French language and even less an active spelling vigilance. This despite the sum of the orthographic knowledge transmitted to them and their perfect mastery of the orthographic rules in force. Thus, we are interested in Graphic Negotiation Workshops as a didactic tool which emphasizes dialogue and debate between students, aims to develop an active spelling skill and vigilance.
Keywords: Graphic Negotiation Workshops, interactions, scriptural competence.
Ecrit : construire vigilance et compétence scripturale / 141
BORHANE BELDJEZZAR, OUARDIA ACI
Title: THE ALGERIAN YOUTH LANGUAGE: AN ATTEMPT TO (RE) DEFINE AND (RE) CONFIGURE A DIDACTISABLE NOTION
Abstract: Our paper aims to (re) define and (re) configure one of the language practices in the field of urban sociolinguistics. It is an attempt to teach the Algerian young language as a teaching/learning strategy. We argue that the language of young people, as an excluded social notion, could serve as a motivational strategy through the installation of a friendly atmosphere in the classroom which could allow a better learning of French as foreign language. A part of our thesis’s work attempts to enhance the Algerian youth language and (re) define it as an effective practice; our assumption of (re) definition and contextualization reaches to highlight the language of young Algerians (social object) as content that can be taught (educational content). The study showed that the language of young Algerians implements a multilingual creativity and a set of lexical procedures; it allows three main functions in an academic context.
Keywords: youth language; didactisable notion; redefinition; reconfiguration; motivational strategy.
CARMEN BȊZU
Title: TEACHING ONLINE IN PROFESSIONAL FRENCH AND FRENCH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES COURSES
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to compare traditional classes with online classes in the context of the pandemic and note the similarities and differences between them in professional French and French for specific purposes courses.
Keywords: class, teaching online, professional French, French for specific purposes, pandemic.
Enseigner le français professionnel et de spécialité en ligne / 163
IMANE SAIDI, HOUDA AKMOUN
Title: PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE, MENTAL TRANSLATION AND WRITING IN FRENCH (L2) IN A MULTILINGUAL CONTEXT
Abstract: This research aims to study the relationship between the prior knowledge of multilingual students and the rate of recourse to the mental translation when writing in French. The objective is to see if the enrichment of referential knowledge in French can reduce the recourse to the other languages previously acquired / learned at the time of writing in French by making it possible to avoid the errors of the transfer.
Keywords: multilingualism; mental translation; translinguistic influence, written production; reference knowledge.
JANANI KALYANI VENKATARAMAN
Title: TRANSLATOR TOOLS IN A TRANSLATION CLASSROOM : PITFALLS AND CHALLENGES
Abstract: Nowadays, the access to translator tools by students has become easier. This is due to the Internet proliferation that is happening in leaps and bounds everywhere in India, especially in all educational establishments alike. Notwithstanding that students are technological savvy, the translation difficulties that they encounter in a classroom present the same challenges. In this study, a general overview of the changes in translation practices observed in the translation classes in the framework of B.A and M.A French in The English and Foreign Languages University in India are presented. The study aims to first list the transformative trends in translations carried out in an educational setting with the help of translator tools. It establishes translational difficulties encountered by students are a challenge to solve despite access to web-based translator tools and proposes solutions to overcome these challenges in translation. This study underlines the significance of translator educators who keep themselves abreast of the new technological changes in the translation field and teach students to make judicious use of technology to help them become better translators.
Keywords: CAT Tools, Pedagogy of Translation, Translation Competence, Translator tools
Les outils de traduction en cours de traduction : les écueils et les défis / 176
OUAFA BRINIS
Title: HISTORY OF ART: A NEW DIDACTIC TO ACTIVATE PERCEPTIVE COMPONENTS AND FORMS OF THOUGHT TO ALGERIAN LEARNERS
Abstract: This article, aims to demonstrate a new didactic of the history of art, because the study of this subject, allows to overcome communication barriers and helps the learner to feel able to develop his thought. This discipline also allows us to acquire a visual education, to have the ability to exercise the brain and the eye, and in the end, allows us to access the artistic culture, especially during the reading of the artistic object. The questionnaire used in this article, is to reveal the opinions of eighty students enrolled in the Master I° (University of Badji Mokhtar -Annaba- Department of Italian) towards this new didactic.
Keywords: Didactic, history of art, learning, questionnaire, methodology.
RIMA REDOUANE
Title: THE MEANDERS OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PRODUCTION
Abstract: Several theoretical models have been developed to explain the cognitive operations governing orthographic production activity of children and adult subjects. In this article, we will focus on the most know: the step-by-step model proposed by Uta Frith (it is related to the development of children’s orthographic skills) and the two-way model proposed, among others, by David Roeltgen and Kenneth Heilman (it is about adults’ orthographic production).
Keywords: orthography, orthographic production, psycholinguistics.
Les méandres de la production orthographique / 198
SOPHIE DUFOSSE-SOURNIN; CINDY LEFEBVRE- SCODELLER
Title: DIDACTICS OF TRANSLATION AT UNIVERSITY IN CONNECTION WITH SECONDARY EDUCATION
Abstract: The importance of translation in the classroom practices of secondary teachers gradually lessened throughout the 20th and 21st centuries while it still holds a prominent place in higher education curricula for specialists. This paper aims at envisaging the teaching of translation at University so that a link between secondary and higher education can be made, all the more so in a context of reduction in face-to-face teaching hours.
Keywords: didactics; translation; CEFR; highschool-university link; methodology.
Pour une didactique de la traduction dans le supérieur en lien avec le secondaire / 205
SOUDANI MOHAMED
Title: THE IMPORTANCE OF RHETORICAL COMPETENCE IN THE NEW WORLD OF WORK: OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE GRADUATES
Abstract: This article presents the importance of rhetorical competence with regard to new job prospects for graduates of foreign languages. The rhetorical competence, in this context, is outlined as a key qualification for a job/profession application especially in the sectors of service and information. To attain our objective, both the oral and written course syllabi included in the curriculum of BA in foreign language is considered. Last but not least, some concepts and suggestions for promoting rhetorical competence in foreign language teaching at universities and high schools will be discussed with this framework.
Keywords: foreign language learning and teaching, rhetorical skills, communication, market, universities, employability.
THAMEUR TIFOUR, MALIKA SEGHIER
Title: COLLABORATIVE WORK IN THE TEACHING / LEARNING OF WRITTEN PRODUCTION IN THE THIRD YEAR CLASS
Abstract: Writing is considered a form of deep communication of thought. Developing this scriptural skill is one of the fundamental goals of teaching a given language. Indeed, producing writing in an individual or collective manner is not an easy task. Its teaching requires an eclectic method based on all the knowledge to be applied such as: “linguistics”, writing techniques, different text plans, … This article focuses on collaborative work as a strategy for teaching of written production and development of students’ scriptural competence.
Keywords: Collaborative work, written production, scriptural competence
INTERCULTURAL STUDIES
DJAMEL HAMIDI
Title: LANGAGE POLICY AND IDENTITY IN ALGERIA
Abstract: This contribution is an approach to the sociolinguistic situation of independent Algeria in search of its identity. We address three important moments in the history of our country: the policy of Arabization after the independence, the co-officialization of tamazight as a result of a long period of identity claim and the fierce competition between french and english after the popular movement of february 22, 2019.
Keywords: arabization, language policy, sociolinguistic, French, identity.
Politique linguistique et identité en Algérie / 240
NICOLAS BALUTET
Title: NOTES ON SOME PHOTOGRAPHS OF CAMILO CIENFUEGOS IN THE CUBAN MAGAZINE VERDE OLIVO
Abstract: Like those of other revolutionaries like Fidel Castro, Ernesto Che Guevara and Frank País, the figure of Camilo Cienfuegos, mysteriously disappeared in October 1959, was used for propaganda purposes by the Castro regime. This article returns to some photographs of the young commander of the column « Antonio Maceo » taken from Verde Olivo, the official review of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, in order to highlight some recurring elements.
Keywords: Cuba, photography, Camilo Cienfuegos, Cuban Revolution.
Remarques sur quelques photographies de Camilo Cienfuegos dans la revue cubaine Verde Olivo / 245
LYDIA GUENOUNE, HAKIM MENGUELLAT
Title: THE LANGUAGE TEACHER FACED WITH THE INTERCULTURAL APPROACH: BETWEEN AWARENESS AND CONSTRAINTS
Abstract: This contribution focuses on the teaching practices of teachers of French as a foreign language at the end of the primary cycle. We have found that the they encounter constraints in their teaching process which hinder the implementation of the intercultural approach, even though there is sometimes a real awareness of the issue. Thus, the analysis will focus in particular on these obstacles, put in parallel with their degree of consciousness to seek to detect what correlation could exist between the two factors based on the data from the questionnaires. The study is qualitative and is part of the sociodidactic approach.
Keywords: intercultural approach, language teacher, awareness, constraints, correlation.
L’enseignant de langue face à l’approche interculturelle : entre conscience et contraintes / 253
MOUNIA BELGUECHI
Title: FATEMA MERNISSI AND ASSIA DJEBBAR, OR THE UNVEILING OF THE POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS VOICE OF WOMEN IN ISLAM
Abstract: For a very long time, the female voice has been silent in the Muslim world, stifled by male hegemony, which was the only one empowered to deal with religious texts. Two women, Fatema Mernissi, Moroccan sociologist and writer and Assia Djebbar, woman of letters and author. Both of international renown, will give their voices back to women and reestablish long forgotten memories; those that women, like men, had a key role in the spread of knowledge and speech, when Islam came to restore the one as the other, in its rights. The two authors use religious and historical texts, which are recognized values within the ecclesiastical community, an update of ancient knowledge, for a long time ignored.
Keywords: Woman, leader, Islam, Rights, Fatema Mernissi, Assia Djebbar.
Varia
DJAHA N’DE TANO
Title: COETZEE’S AUTOBIOGRAPHIC SPACE: FROM BOYHOOD TO SUMMERTIME PASSING BY YOUTH
Abstract: This article seeks to show, in the light of the theoretical tools of Philippe Lejeune and Damien Zanone on the autobiography, that although written in the third person and that not fully respecting the main discriminating features of the autobiography, these three novels (Boyhood, Youth and Summertime) that make up Coetzee’s ‘autobiographical space’ represent a particular form of ‘self-writing’ and ‘life stories’ that fit well with the characteristics of both autobiography and the autobiographical novel.
Keywords: autobiography, self-writing, life stories, autobiographical novel, autobiographical pact.
‘L’espace autobiographioque’ coetzeeien : de Boyhood à Summertime en passant par Youth / 270
HAYET DJEDAIDI
Title: THE DETECTIVE NOVEL IS AN INSTRUMENT TO TELL THE CULTURE, THE CASE OF “THE DAY OF THE OWL” BY LEONARDO SCIASCIA
Abstract: The aim of this article is to highlight the potential of the detective novel to transmit the culture of a country, to the point of becoming a cultural vector, by analysing a detective novel entitled “The Day of the Owl” by Leonardo Sciascia in order to demonstrate the cultural elements encountered in this novel and what the reader acquires from reading it. The reading of a detective novel not only allows the reader to travel without barriers and open windows to the distant world, but also arouses curiosity, openness and attention. The reader of a detective novel acquires cultural knowledge and will have the opportunity to enter into the daily life of a people and to learn about the traditions and customs that characterize a group, a country, a way of life. So, the detective novel in general, and Sciascia’s one in particular, is always brimming with cultural elements that pass from one country to another without barriers. It is enough to read “The day of the Owl” to know the Sicily of the sixties, the mentality, the traditions, the customs of the Sicilian people and also the social conditions in which they live.
Keywords: the detective novel, the day of the owl, Sicilian culture.
COMPTE-RENDU
LILIANA MĂRUNȚELU
Olivia Chirobocea-Tudor, Dicționar englez-român de termeni viticoli și vinicoli / 289